“中国疫情暴发前病毒已在意大利传播。”

当地时间3月11日，新冠肺炎疫情下意大利米兰最大的华人街（via paolo sarpi）街头景象 中新社发 蔡志微 摄 

荷兰媒体BNO新闻网最新消息，意大利新增新冠肺炎确诊病例6557例，系单日最大增幅，新增死亡病例793例。累计确诊病例增至53578例，累计死亡病例达4825例。死亡率为全球最高，达9.01%。

在意大利发生了什么？

美国国家公共广播网（NPR）采访了多位意大利专家。朱塞佩·雷穆齐（Giuseppe Remuzzi）博士说，中国疫情暴发之前，病毒至少就已经在意大利的伦巴第北部地区传播起来了。

以下为该报道翻译全文：

意大利西南部坎帕尼亚大区43岁的兽医丹妮拉·德·罗莎(DanielaDe Rosa)上周末因感染新冠病毒入院时，拍下了一段视频。她在视频中的请求在意大利引起了广泛关注，该国报告的新冠肺炎死亡人数刚刚超过了中国。

“我在医院病房里隔离了这么多天，我都数不清了。”她说，“我除了每天和医生联系两次外和任何人都失去了联系。”

“很少有人理解发生了什么。我希望人们看到我正在受苦。”德·罗莎继续说道。

“每个人都必须呆在家里，不能危及他人的生命。”她坚持说。

自上周日这段视频在Facebook上被分享以来，浏览量已超过1100万次。

截至周四下午，意大利共有41035人累计确诊新冠肺炎，共3405人死亡，已经超过中国已知的3200人的死亡病例数。本月早些时候，意大利成为第一个在全国范围内实施封城以控制疫情的西方国家，但尽管采取了严格措施，确诊病例数仍在持续攀升。

意大利拥有全民医疗保障系统。但现在，意大利的医院和医务人员不堪重负，这引发了令人痛苦的抉择。

意大利麻醉止痛复苏和重症监护学院(ICAARIC)发布了一份指南，称其为“灾难医学”式情形。该学院直言不讳地表示：鉴于卫生资源严重短缺，应该让“最有可能救治成功和存活的患者”使用重症监护设备。

“如果你有一个99岁高龄的男性或女性病患，那就是一个有很多（基础性疾病）的病人。同时你又有一个儿童病患需要插管，而此时你只有一个呼吸机，我的意思是，你不会靠抛硬币来进行选择。”罗马的一名外科医生和肿瘤学家卡罗.维泰利(Carlo Vitelli)说。

他是在对一名年轻男子进行阑尾穿孔手术几小时后发表这番言论的，该男子曾与一名来自意大利北部的人有过接触，而意大利北部是新冠病毒感染最为严重的地区。这是“对一个隔离之人进行的紧急手术。”维泰利医生说道，“不知道他是否会好起来，我不这么觉得，但是谁知道呢。”

意大利将新冠病毒大流行视为战时紧急情况。卫生官员正忙着安置更多的床位。在米兰，旧广场正在被改造成一个拥有500个新床位的新冠肺炎急救医院；意大利全国各地的医院都在户外搭起了充气式帐篷，便于分诊治疗。

“其他国家可以从意大利学到重要的经验。” 朱塞佩·雷穆齐（Giuseppe Remuzzi）博士说，他是最近发表在世界权威医学期刊《柳叶刀》上一篇关于意大利疫情严峻形势的论文的合著者。经验包括如何迅速将一家综合医院转变成一个配备有受过专门训练的医生和护士的新冠肺炎定点救治医院。

“我们的皮肤科医生，眼科医生以及病理学家正在学习如何使用呼吸机照顾病患。” 雷穆齐说。

有人质疑为什么在2月21日新冠病毒爆发时，意大利表现得措手不及。

雷穆齐说，他现在不断从全科医生那里听到有关消息。“他们记得见过这种非常奇怪的肺炎，非常严重，尤其是在老年人群体中，在（去年）12月甚至11月的时候，”他说道。“这意味着在我们知道中国疫情暴发之前，病毒至少就已经在意大利的伦巴第北部地区传播起来了。”

他还表示：你不可能与你并不知道其存在的东西作斗争。

（翻译：梅亚雯）

中新社发 蔡志微 摄 

美国国家公共广播网（NPR）报道原文

'Every Single Individual Must Stay Home': Italy's Coronavirus Surge Strains Hospitals

 作者：Sylvia Poggioli

Daniela De Rosa, a 43-year-old veterinarian in Italy's southwest Campania region, made a video message over the weekend as she was hospitalized with COVID-19. Her video plea has gathered much attention inItaly, which has just surpassed China in the number of reported deaths from the new coronavirus.

"I've been in isolation in a hospital room for so many days I've lost count," she says. "I have no contact with anyone other than doctors twice a day."

"Very few people understand what's happening. I want people to see I'm suffering," De Rosa continues.

"Every single individual must stay home and not endanger the lives of others," she insists.

Since the video was shared on Facebook last Sunday, it has racked up more than 11 million views.

As of Thursday afternoon，Italy has registered 41,035 diagnoses of the coronavirus and 3,405 deaths. The death toll is now higher than China's known COVID-19 deaths of over 3,200. Earlier this month，Italy became the first Western country to launch a nationwide lock down to contain the outbreak, but despite strict measures, the number of cases continues to rise.

Italy has a universal health care system. But now，its hospitals and medical staff are overwhelmed，prompting anguished debate.

The Italian College of Anesthesia，Analgesia，Resuscitation and Intensive Care has issued guidelines for what it calls a "catastrophe medicine"-like scenario. The college putit starkly: Given the serious shortage of health resources, patients with the "best chance of success and hope of life" should have access to intensive care, the organization says.

"If you have an 99-year-old male or a female patient, that's a patient with a lot of diseases. And you have [a] young kid that need[s] to be intubated and you only have one ventilator, I mean, you're not going to ... toss the coin," says Carlo Vitelli，a surgeon and oncologist in Rome.

He's speaking just a few hours after operating on a perforated appendix of a young man who had been in contact with a person from northern Italy，where the virus has hit the hardest in the country. It was "an emergency operation done on somebody who was in quarantine," Dr. Vitelli says,"don't know if he's going to develop. I don't think so. But, you never know."

Italy is treating the coronavirus pandemic like a wartime emergency. Health officials are scrambling to set up more beds. In Milan, the old fairgrounds is being turned into an emergency COVID-19 hospital with 500 new beds; across the country, hospitals are setting up inflatable tents outdoors for triage.

Other countries can learn important lessons from Italy, says Dr. Giuseppe Remuzzi, co-author of a recent paper in The Lancet about the country's dire situation. The takeaways include how to swiftly convert a general hospital into a coronavirus care unit with specially trained doctors and nurses.

"We had dermatologists, eye doctors，pathologists, learning how to assist a person with a ventilator," Remuzzi says.

Some question why Italy was caught off guard when the virus outbreak was revealed on Feb. 21.

Remuzzi says he is now hearing information about it from general practitioners. "They remember having seen very strange pneumonia, very severe, particularly in old people in December and even November," he says. "This means that the virus was circulating, at least in [the northern region of] Lombardy and before we were aware of this outbreak occurring in China."

He says it was impossible to combat something you didn't know existed.

来源：国是直通车